- a fairly common problem in gynecology. According to medical statistics, almost every fifth or eighth woman in the Russian Federation suffers from one or another tumor of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries.
For example, WHO data show that such a widespread benign tumor , like uterine fibroids, every fifth woman on the globe at the age of 30-35 years has, more than 25% of surgical interventions in gynecology are performed for ovarian cysts, etc. Due to the often asymptomatic course of tumor diseases, they are sometimes diagnosed incidentally during the next examination for some other problem.
Tumors of the female genital organs are pathological formations due to a violation of the mechanism of cell division. Specialists distinguish between benign and malignant tumors of the genital organs.
Causes of tumors of the female genital organs
Nowadays causes emergence and development benign and malignant tumors not fully elucidated. It is known that it is based on a defect in the genetic material of the cell (DNA), as a result of which the mechanism of cell growth and division undergoes pathological changes, apoptosis develops (self-destruction of the cell as a result of programming for death). The following factors are called predisposing to the occurrence of tumors:
- Genetic factors (hereditary predisposition is the leading factor)
- Chemical factors (influence of aromatic substances on DNA)
- Physical factors ( ultraviolet radiation, other types of radiation)
- Mechanical injuries, overheating of the body
- Biological factors (viruses and infections)
- Decreased immune defense of the body, autoimmune processes
- Pathologies endocrine systems s, hormonal imbalance
Some types of tumors may not give any symptoms at all, others - depending on the nature, size, location of the tumor - may manifest local or common symptoms. Local symptoms of tumors are enlarged regional lymph nodes, palpable tumor.
General symptoms of female genital tumors otherwise called "small signs" of tumors. Tumors of certain organs may have individual symptoms, for example, with uterine cancer, women may complain of uterine bleeding out of cycle, ovarian dysfunction, etc. With a long-existing large tumor, pain in the lower abdomen may occur with irradiation to the lower back, perineum, rectum and other organs.
General symptoms of cancer are fatigue, rapid progressive weight loss, loss of appetite, decreased performance and mood, subfebrile temperature.
Types of benign and malignant neoplastic diseases of the female genital organs
uterine fibroids, uterine fibroids- one of the most common tumor diseases of the female genital organs in gynecological practice. In most cases, it may not have severe clinical symptoms and be determined by chance during a bimanual examination.
The diagnosis is established on the basis of data from transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, colposcopy, laparoscopy, biopsy, cytological or histological examination.
GUTA-CLINIC performs all types of effective surgical treatment of uterine fibroids using laparoscopic and hysteroscopic myomectomy - non-invasive surgical treatment of fibroids without incisions, as well as laparotomy with myomectomy, hysterectomy according to indications.
Conservative therapy can be used in young patients with small, slow-growing fibroids and no contraindications to prescribed medications. Fibromyoma needs mandatory surgical treatment due to the possibility of transition to sarcoma - a malignant tumor.
Ovarian cyst is a cavity filled with liquid (the exact nature of the contents is established directly during a detailed examination). Most often, an ovarian cyst is found in young women of reproductive age, in the elderly it is extremely rare.
There are endometrioid, paraovarian, mucinous, serous, dermoid, follicular cysts, cysts of the corpus luteum, etc.
An ovarian cyst may not bother a woman and is detected by chance during examination by a gynecologist. In some cases, an ovarian cyst may be accompanied by menstrual irregularities, heavy and prolonged menstruation, pain in the lower abdomen, anovulation, infertility, etc.
Currently, the “gold standard” for the treatment of ovarian cysts is laparoscopy, which allows the patient to recover faster and fully preserve her reproductive function. Ovarian cysts are subject to mandatory surgical treatment, because. capable of becoming malignant, leading to the development of serious complications (development of peritonitis, suppuration of the cyst, etc.)
Cervical cyst, mistakenly called "uterine cyst" by patients, is a frequent complication of pseudo-erosions, which, in turn, are a frequent complication of true erosions. The size of the cyst of the cervix is most often a few millimeters, the cyst itself looks like a round formation of a yellowish-white color.
With regard to cervical cysts, observation tactics are chosen: if the cysts are small and do not affect the health of the cervix, they are left without treatment; if the cysts are multiple and deform the cervix, radio wave treatment with the Surgitron apparatus is recommended - this method can be recommended even for nulliparous girls due to its atraumatic nature.
Cancer of the vulva- a malignant epithelial tumor, which is quite rare. It is characterized by the formation of nodules with further damage to the inguinal lymph nodes, metastasis. Vulvar cancer is more common in menopausal women. In the absence of treatment, death is inevitable due to cachexia, urosepsis, bleeding, thrombophlebitis of the pelvic veins, and other complications.
Vaginal cancer- a malignant epithelial tumor, in appearance resembles papillomatous growths. It develops more often in women over 40 who have had many births. Manifested by bloody discharge and leucorrhoea with an admixture of pus. Treatment is surgical with X-ray therapy and other methods.
Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital organs. The reasons may be some types of HPV (human papillomavirus, untreated erosion, etc.). Previously, it was believed that cervical cancer affects mainly women who have given birth over 40 years old, but recently the tendency for the spread of the disease among young, even nulliparous girls has increased significantly, which is explained by the widespread spread of human papillomavirus infection.
Cervical cancer may be asymptomatic, early signs may be leucorrhoea and spotting, sometimes with bad smell. If cervical cancer is not treated, death occurs from peritonitis, sepsis, cachexia, bleeding, etc.
Cancer of the body of the uterus– less common than cervical cancer, caused by hormonal disorders in the body, can be combined with uterine fibroids, ovarian tumors, endometrial hyperplasia, diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders. It mainly develops in women over 45-50 years old, often asymptomatic, women complain of weakness and fatigue.
Diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the female genital organs
In most cases diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors female genital organs is carried out using the following methods:
- Gynecological examination
- Bimanual examination of the vagina
- Transvaginal ultrasound (ultrasound of the pelvic organs)
- Computed tomography (CT) of the pelvic organs
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic organs
- Endoscopic examination of the pelvic organs
- Hysteroscopy, therapeutic and diagnostic laparoscopy
- Colposcopy
- Biopsy followed by histological or cytological examination
Depending on the identified disease, its form, stage, nature, course features, individual indications of the patient, surgical or conservative treatment is prescribed. Typically, operational treatment of tumors of the female genital organs carried out with heavy bleeding, rapid growth of the tumor or large size of the detected tumor, etc.
The volume of surgical treatment is different - it can be organ-preserving laparoscopy (for ovarian cysts and cystomas) or radical amputation (extirpation) of the uterus - for large fibromyomas or uterine cancer without metastases. Preference, as a rule, is given to the first - minimally invasive - method of treating tumors of the female genital organs.
Parallel to surgical treatment according to the indications, an antiviral or antibiotic therapy, immunomodulating and biostimulating drugs.
GUTA-CLINIC specialists remind patients that in the absence of treatment, even some benign types of tumors are able to turn into cancer, leading in some cases to a rather rapid lethal outcome due to developing complications and the spread of metastases.
That is why they are subject to mandatory treatment, in some cases - observation (passive uterine fibroids). Considering that the development of most types of tumors is characterized by unexpressed, erased clinical symptoms, GUTA-CLINIC gynecologists recommend regular preventive examinations by specialists even if a woman is not worried about anything.
There are a number of signs that can be a manifestation of cancer. You must know about them. The first symptoms of many types of gynecological cancer appear early enough for successful therapy. If these signs are ignored, a delay in treatment can be fatal. Ladies, listen to your body! If something is wrong, see a doctor immediately! Most likely, these symptoms are not associated with cancer. But it is better to check once again and make sure that there is no formidable disease. 1. Pain in the lower abdomen It manifests itself in the form of pain, a feeling of heaviness or pressure below the navel. It can be permanent or limited only to the premenstrual period. The cause of pain in the lower abdomen can be cancer of the endometrium, ovaries, cervix, fallopian tubes and vagina. 2. Enlargement of the abdomen Enlargement of the abdomen is one of the most common symptoms of ovarian cancer. And it is this sign that is most often ignored. If you have not changed your lifestyle or diet, and the zipper on your trousers suddenly does not converge, this is serious occasion to see a doctor. 3. Persistent pain in the lower back One of the common symptoms of gynecological cancer is persistent dull pain in the lower back. Some women describe this condition as labor pains. Pain in the lower back is a symptom of ovarian cancer. 4. Bleeding Abnormal vaginal bleeding is the most common symptom of gynecological cancer. Heavy periods, bleeding between periods, contact spotting are all abnormal vaginal bleeding. They can be symptoms of cancer of the endometrium, cervix, vagina. 5. Persistent fever fever persists or increases intermittently for 7 days or more, be sure to consult a doctor. Persistent fever is a common symptom of cancer. Keep in mind that many other reasons can lead to an increase in temperature. 6. Persistent indigestion If you have constipation, diarrhea, blood in the stool, flatulence (excessive accumulation of gas in the intestines) or other digestive disorders for a long time, be sure to see a doctor. These changes are symptoms of gynecological cancer and colon cancer. 7. Unintentional weight loss A woman's weight can fluctuate within a small range within a month. Losing 4 or more kilograms without diets and intensive training for someone may seem like a pleasant surprise. However, this is not entirely normal and requires medical advice. 8. Changes in the vulva Pay attention to any changes in the vulva: ulcers, lumps, discoloration of the skin, discharge. 9. Changes in the breast Perform monthly breast self-examination. You should be alerted: soreness, the appearance of nodes or seals, nipple retraction, redness and swelling. Consult your doctor as soon as possible. 10. Fatigue Cancer patients often complain of weakness and fatigue. This symptom is usually observed in advanced cancer, but sometimes occurs in early stages. Unreasonable fatigue that interferes with your normal daily life should be a reason to see a doctor.
Sometimes a woman may find herself experiencing some strange symptoms. This should not be a reason for self-treatment and panic. In any case, you need to consult a doctor. There are a number of signs and symptoms to look out for Special attention in case they appear. We will tell you about the most basic ones today, of course, not all of them are an obvious prerequisite for cancer in women, but you should not ignore them either.
Irregular menstrual cycle in women (age: over 45)
Many women may confuse this symptom with signs of menopause and therefore do not consider it necessary to see a doctor, but it is worth noting that irregular periods are very often a clear sign of uterine cancer in women.
If such a symptom appears, then, first of all, you should consult a doctor. You will be assigned an ultrasound diagnosis using a vaginal probe, and a smear will be taken to detect cancerous and atypical cells.
You can also regularly measure your waist with a centimeter. Usually, in a healthy woman who has absolutely no ailments, the waist does not exceed 88 cm. Very often, female sex hormones tend to be produced in excess adipose tissue. And at times when these same hormones are not produced by the ovaries, a similar redistribution hormonal function women can lead to the development of cancer cells. 
Many women consider this phenomenon a sign of mild a cold or an allergic symptom, believing that you can get rid of it with the help of an ointment or tablets. However, redness and inflammation of the breast can be a sign of one of the most malignant forms of breast cancer. Most often, it manifests itself with inflammation of the nipple, subsequently spreading throughout the breast.
When such a symptom appears, you should immediately consult a specialist. You will be referred for a HER2NEO test and, if positive, you will be prescribed treatment with monoclonal bodies. The monoclonal body marks the cancer cell for macrophages and immune cells by attaching itself to it. The macrophages then recognize the cancer cells and kill them. In addition to cancer, monoclonal bodies do not attach to any cell, so damage and harm to the body is minimal. This therapy is also called targeted therapy.
The appearance of white spots in the mouth
The appearance of white spots in the mouth may be a consequence of keratinization of the epithelium. This condition is considered precancerous.
When such a symptom appears, you need to see a dentist in order for him to assess the seriousness of the situation. After the examination, you may be referred for a biopsy to take a closer look at the cells that collect in the patches.
Risk factors for cancer oral cavity are, alcohol, and oral sex. Since cancer can occur due to the papillomavirus, which is sometimes found in humans. 
Other general symptoms:
- The woman begins to lose weight quickly, however obvious reasons that is not observed.
- Bloating. Girls often do not pay attention to this in time, but in vain. You should immediately consult a doctor if bloating bothers you almost every day.
- Pay more attention to the shape and size of your breasts.
- , age spots and the like - can be one of the symptoms of cancer.
- Isolation of blood in those places where it is not supposed to be: in the urine, when coughing, etc.
- Abdominal pain + is a relationship that, according to some scientists, is a prerequisite for cancer in women.
- Disturbed stages of digestion.
- Persistent cough that lasts more than a month.
- Fever without infection.
Video of Elena Malysheva's program about the signs of cancer in women:
Once again, we want to note that no matter what the symptoms are, you are obliged to contact a doctor who will conduct a specialized examination, since without special tests and only by the first signs it is impossible to say that a woman has cancer. And don't forget to lead!
The clinic has accumulated extensive experience in the treatment of such ailments. We first carry out the primary detection of the disease, then we apply the methods of in-depth diagnostics, if there are grounds to suspect a cancerous disease of the female genital area.
If you visit the clinic specialists at least twice a year, early diagnosis of cancer will allow you to take the necessary measures in time and stop the disease.
Leave your phone number.
The clinic administrator will call you back.
Sign up for an appointment
Gynecologist's consultation
Types of cancers of the female genital organs
- Cervical cancer observed most often in women over 45 years of age. The disease often occurs as a result of various past ailments (dysplasia,), an important role is also played by the formation of scars due to childbirth and abortion. On the initial stages the disease has practically no symptoms, for the first time it can be detected by contact bleeding (after douching, intercourse, or with constipation). Such bleeding is an immediate reason for contacting a specialist.
- Cancer of the body of the uterus more characteristic of women 50-60 years old. It is characterized by bloody discharge from the vagina, either between periods or after menopause. If the process has gone too far, there are late signs cancer disease: pain, white.
- ovarian cancer It is typical for any age, but still occurs more often after 40 years. This is the most common oncological ailment of the female genital organs after cervical cancer, which is the leading among such pathologies. Risk factors: previous gynecological diseases, ovarian dysfunction, chronic inflammation, lack of sexual activity or pregnancy. Symptoms can be different, the earliest ones are pain in the lower abdomen, general fatigue, malaise, weakness.
- Fallopian tube cancer is a fairly rare disease characteristic of older women. The main symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, liquid discharge, with impurities of blood and pus.
- Vaginal cancer is also quite rare. Its symptoms are leucorrhoea, pain, spotting. If you press on the tumor, bleeding occurs.
- Cancer of external organs also occurs rarely and is often combined with other long-term skin diseases genitals. Its symptoms are the formation of a dense knot and growths.
Treatment of the disease
Diagnosis of cervical cancer, which occurs most often, is done by colposcopy, cytology, as well as gynecological examination and histological examination of the uterus. To minimize the possibility of getting advanced cervical cancer, you need to visit a gynecologist regularly, as well as take appropriate tests for oncology. This can be done in the clinic without any problems.
If, after research, a disease that precedes the onset of cancer is detected, special therapy or surgery is used.
Today, the clinic uses the most advanced methods of treating the cervix:
- electrocoagulation,
- freezing of the painful area of the cervix (cryolysis),
- laser radiation, excision of the cervix with a scalpel or a special electrode.
When these methods are not suitable, or cancer begins to develop not on the cervix, our doctors successfully apply:
- surgical intervention,
- radiotherapy,
- chemotherapy,
- radiotherapy,
- radiotherapy,
- hormone therapy.
Methods of fighting tumors
Operation. It gives especially good results when the tumor is localized in one place.
Chemotherapy- the use of drugs for targeted suppression of pathology. Chemotherapy works on cancer cells that have invaded other organs. The clinic uses modern effective medications that cause the least adverse reactions. Usually treatment is carried out in cycles with periods for recovery. The duration of treatment is 2-9 months.
hormone therapy involves the use of both hormonal and antihormonal drugs. Essence of the method: action on the hormonal receptors of a malignant neoplasm.
Immunotherapy. Today there is a lot of evidence that a strong immune system prevents the occurrence of many forms of cancer. Application of targeted activation methods immune system helps in many cases to stop the development of the tumor. For certain types of cancer, immunotherapy is used alone or combined with surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiation. Immunotherapy is also used to prevent side effects that may occur in the treatment of cancer.
Radiation therapy affects only tumor cells at the site of irradiation. The method is usually used in the early stages of tumor formation, and is also often used before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor.
In our clinic, you will undergo a surgical examination, an accurate diagnosis will be made. Our doctors will treat you according to the most modern American and European standards, using the latest effective medicines with a minimum of side effects. But it is even better to come to us periodically for examination, because early detection of oncological pathologies is the main condition for the effectiveness of treatment. You will save yourself from many troubles if you regularly visit gynecologists and oncologists of our clinic.
An extremely complex and very urgent problem today is cancer of the female genital area. Modern oncology considers the most important task for itself early diagnosis malignant tumors of the female genital organs, which makes the treatment of these ailments much more effective. For modern doctor it is very important to timely diagnose and begin treatment of precancerous processes (ovarian pathology, cervical dysplasia, etc.). Oncological diseases female organs today are an actively studied issue, however, over the past years, considerable experience has been accumulated in the treatment of such ailments. Women with such diseases certainly undergo treatment in specialized institutions, however, most often, oncological diseases of the female genital organs are first detected when women go to gynecological departments.
Today, in oncology, the examination of patients is carried out in 2 stages: first, the primary detection of the disease is carried out, then methods of more in-depth diagnostics are used in cases where there are serious reasons to suspect a cancer of the female organs. Oncological diseases of the female genital organs are very common cause death of patients, as well as their disability. An increase in cancer cases is observed today in almost all countries, including economically developed ones, where such diseases occupy 2-3rd place in the total number of deaths, second only to deaths from cardiovascular diseases and injuries. Every year around the world, 5 million people die from malignant tumors, 7 million fall ill. A large proportion of all cases of such ailments is occupied by oncological diseases of the female genital organs.
1. Cervical cancer. Most often, cervical cancer begins its development in women over 45 years old, it often occurs as a result of other ailments (dysplasia, polyps, erosions), an important role is played by the formation of scars after previous childbirth and abortion. The disease in its early stages is virtually non-existent. special symptoms, for the first time, signs of cervical cancer can be detected if, after minor injuries, contact bleeding often begins to occur (after intercourse, douching, with constipation and overexertion). Bleeding begins due to the fact that the thin and fragile vessels of the tumor rupture and if a woman is at the stage of menopause, such bleeding should immediately lead her to an appointment with a specialist. Treatment for cervical cancer will largely depend on how common the process is and what stage it is in. Therapy can be combined, combined and complex. To prevent the disease, it is necessary to be regularly observed by a gynecologist and to cure all emerging diseases of the cervix in a timely manner.
2. Cancer of the body of the uterus. This malignant neoplasm is characteristic of older women (50-60 years). Among all patients with uterine cancer, almost ¾ are women over the age of 50 years. Cancer of the body of the uterus is characterized by a whole range of negative factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, liver disease. This is due to disruption of the nervous and endocrine systems. The main symptoms of the disease are bleeding from the vagina between periods or after menopause. The duration and intensity of such secretions can be completely different, sometimes they are plentiful, occur suddenly, sometimes they are meager, but they can last several weeks or even months. If the process of tumor formation has gone too far, other late signs of the disease appear - pain and whiteness. Treatment of the disease depends on the localization of the neoplasm in the uterus, general condition body of a woman, as well as the stage of cancer. The therapy is carried out complex, radiation, surgical, combined, hormonal preparations are used.
3. Ovarian cancer. This disease can develop in women at any age, most often in 40-60 years. After cervical cancer, this is the most common oncological pathology of the female genital organs. Risk factors for the development of this disease are previous gynecological diseases, ovarian dysfunction, lack of sexual activity, lack of pregnancy, chronic inflammation. Symptoms of ovarian cancer can be very different, the earliest of which is pain in the lower abdomen, followed by general fatigue, weakness, and malaise. Treatment of ovarian cancer: surgery, chemotherapy, the success of which depends on the spread of the disease.
4. Fallopian tube cancer. The disease is quite rare, it develops mainly in women in old age. The main symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, liquid discharge mixed with pus and blood, which is associated with the release of contents from the fallopian tubes. Treatment: surgery, chemotherapy.
5. Cancer of the vagina. Enough rare disease, the symptoms of which are leucorrhoea, spotting, pain. When pressing on the tumor, bleeding occurs. Surgical intervention is most often not required for treatment, radiation therapy is performed in an oncological hospital. It usually responds well to treatment.
6. Cancer of the external genitalia. malignant neoplasm such localization is quite rare, most often occurs in older women, but can also develop in young women. Often combined with other long-term diseases of the skin of the genital organs (kraurosis, leukoplakia, erythroplakia). Symptoms of the disease: the formation of a dense knot, growths. Surgical, radiation, combined treatment depends primarily on the localization of the tumor, as well as on the stage of pathological processes.